Coil Maestro Solenoid Inductance Calculator Software Download

OVERVIEW: Program calculates optimal dimensions of coils for wanted inductance. It is simple to use but flexible so it can help you not just to make calculations but to find optimal measures or experiment with very flexible parameters.

Aditionaly, program can calculate inductance based on physical dimensons of coil.

REQUIREMENTS: Any computer running Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 95 NT, Windows 95ME, Windows 95 XP, Windows 2000, XP, Vista or newer will do.

INSTALLATION: There is no need for any special installation. Just run the EXE

USAGE: You should know some theory about calculating coils.

There ar two modes: optimal coil calculator and coil inductance calculator.

OPTIMAL COIL CALCULATOR isused when you have to make coil of known characteristics. It allows you to experiment with different coil parameters to get to the optimal values. If you set wide range of parameters, it will try to find most optimalby itself.

Default values will help you understand how application works. There is also drawing explaining what is meaning of each parameter. Some parameters are presented as range. You may use this range to force specific values for that parameters. If you want to limit range to single value, just set both min and max to the same value.

If you are not certain which range will do the best for wanted calculation, set large ranges. Calculation will take some time but it will give you some results. Our sugestion is to increase step value to cut the time. In that way you wil get rough caculation but, once you get it you will be aware what range you should set to get finer result.

COIL INDUCTANCE CALCULATOR helps you calcualte inductance od the coil which dimensions you know. It is helpful when you get unknown coil so you can only measure it’s dimensions.

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Crystal Controlled Oscillator Circuit

This general purpose signal source serves very well in signal-tracing applications. The output level is variable to more than 1 V_rms into a 50Ω load. Almost any crystal in the 1 to 15 MHz range can be used.

Q1 forms a Colpitts oscillator with the output taken from the emitter.

2N2222 Pin Configuration

A capacitive voltage divider (across the 2.2k Ω emitter resistor) reduces the voltage applied to the buffer amplifiers Q2. The buffer and emitter follower, provides the low input impedance necessary to drive 50Ω loads.

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Accurate 50Hz Oscillator Circuit Using 555 And 7490

This circuit is a getting a 50Hz pulse. It comprises a 555 timer and two 7490 divide-by-ten counter chips 7490.

The 555 generates a frequency of almost 5KHz which can be adjusted by VR1. This pulse fed to one divide-by-ten counter IC2 (7490) which gives an output of 500Hz (500KHz/10=500Hz). This frequency of 500Hz is again fed to the next counter IC3 to get 50Hz pulse (5ooHz/10=50Hz).

To get accurate 50Hz pulse, the 5k preset has to be set.

The circuit works on a regulated supply of 5V.

If you reducing R2  (like 120kΩ), this circuit uses as 60Hz oscillator.

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Sensitive RF Voltmeter Probe Circuit

This Circuit measures RF voltages beyond 200MHz and up to about 5V.

The Diode should be mounted in a remote probe, close to the probe tip. Sensitivity is excellent and voltage less than 1V peak can be easily measured. The unit can be calibrated by connecting the input to a known level of RF voltage, such as a calibrated signal generator, and setting the calibrate control.

VR1 =For  Calibrate

VR2 = For Zero set

MPF102 N-Channel JFET VHF Amplifier Pin Configuration

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Colpitts 1MHz To 20 MHz Crystal Oscillator Circuit

This is a simple Colpitts crystal oscillator for 1 to 20 MHz,

This can be easily made from junk-box parts (provided that a crystal is handy).

2N3904 NPN Transistor Pin Configuration

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TDA7000 FM Radio Receiver Circuit Using Tuning Capacitor
GENERAL DESCRIPTION The TDA7000 is a monolithic integrated circuit for mono FM portable radios or receivers where a minimum on peripheral components is important (small dimensions and low costs).
The IC has an FLL (Frequency-Locked-Loop) system with an intermediate frequency of 70 kHz. The i.f. selectivity is obtained by active RC filters. The only function which needs alignment is the resonant circuit for the oscillator, thus selecting the reception frequency. Spurious reception is avoided by means of a mute circuit, which also eliminates too noisy input signals. Special precautions are taken to meet the radiation requirements.

The TDA7000 includes the following functions:
· R.F. input stage
· Mixer
· Local oscillator
· I.F. amplifier/limiter
· Phase demodulator
· Mute detector
· Mute switch

This circuit is typical using with a  LM386 for the audio power amplifier.

With a minimum on peripheral components we can build a high performance and small FM radio receiver .

TDA7000 FM Receiver Coils

L1:Tuning Coil, 5¾ (5.75) Turns of 23 swg enamelled copper wire close-wound on a 3mm diameter.	L2: Antenna Coil, 4¾ (4.75) Turns of 23 swg enamelled copper wire close-wound on a 3mm diameter.

TDA7000 IC

TDA7000 FM Radio Using Tuning Capacitor

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FM Booster, Active FM Antenna Amplifier

This FM booster that can be used to listen to programmes from distant FM stations clearly. The circuit comprises a common-emitter tuned RF preamplifier wired around VHF/UHF transistor 2SC2570. (Only C2570 is annotated on the transistor body.)

Assemble the circuit on a good-quality PCB (preferably, glass-epoxy).

Adjust input/ output trimmers (VC1/VC2) for maximum gain.

Input coil L1 consists of four turns of 20SWG enamelled copper wire (slightly space wound) over 5mm diameter former. It is tapped at the first turn from ground lead side. Coil L2 is similar to L1, but has only three turns.

Pin configuration of transistor 2SC2570

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AppCAD RF And Microwave Design Calculations Software

AppCAD is an easy-to-use program that provides you with a unique suite of RF design tools and computerized Application Notes to make your wireless design job faster and easier. AppCAD‘s unique, interactive approach makes engineering calculations quick and easy for many RF, microwave, and wireless applications. AppCAD is useful for the design and analysis of many circuits, signals, and systems using products from discrete transistors and diodes to Silicon and GaAs integrated circuits. The keyword for AppCAD is easy – no circuit files, no manuals – just quick and easy.

• 2-Port Single-ended to 1-Port Differential Impedance conversion
• Gain (five different gains)
• Stability analysis (µ1, µ2, K)
• Matching impedances (gain and NF)
• Return Loss, VSWR
• Gain Variation (including min/max, average, and mid-band gains)
• Isolation (reverse gain)
• Phase Linearity, Group Delay
• Noise Figure
• Gain, stability, and NF circles
• … and more

System Requirements

AppCAD is designed to run on all 32-bit Windows® operating systems.

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CXA1019 FM RADIO

CXA1019 is a one-chip FM/AM radio IC designed for radio-cassette tape recorders and headphone tape recorders, and CXA1019S has the following functions.

CXA1019 Features

• Small number of peripheral components.
• Low current consumption (Vcc=3V)
  For FM: I0=5.3 mA (Typ.)
• Large output of AF amplifier.
  Vcc=6V, EIAJ output=500mW (Typ.) when load impedance 8Ω.

Functions FM section

• RF amplifier, Mixer and OSC (incorporating AFC variable capacitor).
• IF amplifier
• Quadrature detection
• Tuning LED driver

CXA1019 Structure

• Bipolar silicon monolithic IC

SONY CXA1019S

Block diagram

TUNING CAPACITOR

In this circuit diagram we have mention about FM tuning side only.When we assemble the Tuning Capacitor, we must be careful to select correct  side of  tuning capacitor.Normally in the FM side of the tuner middle pin and other  pin capacitance will be nearly 15pF  to 40pF. Middle pins: B and F, FM side:A,B, C  in this photo.

10.7 MHz Ceramic Filter

CXA1019 TUNING COILS

2¾ (2.75) Turns of 22 swg enamelled copper wire close-wound on a 5mm diameter.	3¾ (3.75) Turns of 22 swg enamelled copper wire close-wound on a 5mm diameter.

IF Transformer

1 and 3 pins used to  this circuit.

CXA1019 PCB

PCB Design

parts arrangement diagram

width=7.95 cm Height=4.90 cm

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3V FM Transmitter Circuit

This project provides the schematic and the parts list needed to construct a 3V FM Transmitter. This FM transmitter is about the simplest and most basic transmitter to build and have a useful transmitting range. It is surprisingly powerful despite its small component count and 3V operating voltage. It will easily penetrate over three floors of an apartment building and go over 300 meters in the open air.

It may be tuned anywhere in the FM band. Or it may be tuned outside the commercial M band for greater privacy. (Of course this means you must modify your FM radio to be able to receive the transmission or have a broad-band FM receiver.) The output power of this FM transmitter is below the legal limits of many countries (eg, USA and Australia). However, some countries may ban ALL wireless transmissions without a licence. It is the responsibility of the constructor to check the legal requirements for the operation of this kit and to obey them.

FM Transmitter Circuit Description

The circuit is basically a radio frequency (RF) oscillator that operates around 100 MHz. Audio picked up and amplified by the electret microphone is fed into the audio amplifier stage built around the first transistor. Output from the collector is fed into the base of the second transistor where it modulates the resonant frequency of the tank circuit (the 5 turn coil and the trimcap) by varying the junction capacitance of the transistor. Junction capacitance is a function of the potential difference applied to the base of the transistor. The tank circuit is connected in a Colpitts oscillator circuit.

The electret microphone: an electret is a permanently charged dielectric. It is made by heating a ceramic material, placing it in a magnetic field then allowing it to cool while still in the magnetic field. It is the electrostatic equivalent of a permanent magnet. In the electret microphone a slice of this material is used as part of the dielectric of a capacitor in which the diaphram of the microphone formsone plate. Sound pressure moves one of its plates. The movement of the plate changes the capacitance. The electret capacitor is connected to an FET amplifier. These microphones are small, have excellent sensitivity, a wide frequency response and a very low cost.

First amplification stage: this is a standard self-biasing common emitter amplifier. The 22nF capacitor isolates the microphone from the base voltage of the transistor and only allows alternating current (AC) signals to pass.

The tank (LC) circuit: every FM transmitter needs an oscillator to generate the radio Frequency (RF) carrier waves. The tank (LC) circuit, the BC547 and the feedback 5pF capacitor are the oscillator in the Cadre. An input signal is not needed to sustain the oscillation. The feedback signal makes the base-emitter current of the transistor vary at the resonant frequency. This causes the emitter-collector current to vary at the same frequency. This signal fed to the aerial and radiated as radio waves. The 27pF coupling capacitor on the aerial is to minimise the effect of the aerial capacitance on the LC circuit. The name ‘tank’ circuit comes from the ability of the LC circuit to store energy for oscillations. In a pure LC circuit (one with no resistance) energy cannot be lost. (In an AC network only the resistive elements will dissipate electrical energy. The purely reactive elements, the C and the L simply store energy to be returned to the system later.) Note that the tank circuit does not oscillate just by having a DC potential put across it. Positive feedback must be provided. (Look up Hartley and Colpitts oscillators in a reference book for more details.)

BC547 NPN Transistor Pin Configuration And Top View

ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTION

Components may be added to the PCB in any order. Note that the electret microphone should be inserted with the pin connected to the metal case connected to the negative rail (that is, to the ground or zero voltage side of the circuit). The coil should be about 3mm in diameter and 5 turns. The wire is tinned copper wire, 0.61 mm in diameter. After the coil in soldered into place spread the coils apart about 0.5 to 1mm so that they are not touching. (The spacing in not critical since tuning of the Tx will be done by the trim capacitor. It is quite possible, but not as convenient, to use a fixed value capacitor in place of the trimcapacitor – say 47pF – and to vary the Tx frequency by simply adjusting the spacing of the coils. That is by varying L of the LC circuit rather than C.) Adding and removing the batteries acts as a switch.Connect a half or quarter wavelength antenna (length of wire) to the aerial point. At an FM frequency of 100 MHz these lengths are 150 cm and 75 cm respectively.

CIRCUIT CALIBRATION

Place the transmitter about 10 feet from a FM radio. Set the radio to somewhere about 89 – 90 MHz. Walk back to the FM transmitter and turn it on. Spread the winding of the coil apart by approximately 1mm from each other. No coil winding should be touching another winding. Use a small screw driver to tune the trim cap. Remove the screwdriver from the trim screw after every adjustment so the LC circuit is not affected by stray capicitance. Or use a plastic screwdriver. If you have difficulty finding the transmitting frequency then have a second person tune up and down the FM dial after every adjustment. One full turn of the trim cap will cover its full range of capacitance from 6pF to 45pF. The normal FM band tunes in over about one tenth of the full range of the tuning cap.

So it is best to adjust it in steps of 5 to 10 degrees at each turn. So tuning takes a little patience but is not difficult. The reason that there must be at least 10 ft. separation between the radio and the FM transmitter is that the FM transmitter emits harmonics; it does not only emit on one frequency but on several different frequencies close to each other. You should have little difficulty in finding the Tx frequency when you follow this procedure.

LEARNING EXPERIENCE

It should already be clear from the above circuit description that there is a surprising amount of electronics which may be learnt from this deceptively simple kit. Here is a list of some advanced topics in electronics which can be demonstrated or have their beginnings in this project:

Class C amplifiers; FM transmission; VHF antennas; positive and negative feedback; stray capacitance; crystal-locked oscillators; signal attenuation The simple halfwave antenna used in the project is not the most efficient. Greater efficiency may be gained by connecting a dipole antenna using 50 ohm coaxial cable. Connect one lead to the Antenna point and the other to the earth line.

You may experiment using 6V or 9V with the circuit to see how this increases the range of the transmitter. The sensitivity may be increased by lowering the 22K resistor to 10K. Try it and see. Note that this FM transmitter is not suitable for use on your body, for example, in your pocket. This is because it is affected by external capacitance and the transmitting frequency drifts depending how close you are to it. Stray capacitance is automatically incorporated into the capacitance of the tank circuit which will shift the transmitting frequency.


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